The former player: 'I hoped to carry on playing'
Important note: This piece includes details of racially offensive language and conduct
FormerEngland centre Luther Burrell says that speaking out to expose racial discrimination in professional rugby brought his career to an premature conclusion.
In a June 2022, Burrell described racism as being "rife" in the game, showing digital communications and recalling training ground "comments" he had been subject to while playing for Newcastle.
Then 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been a handful of games with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I've have absolutely had to retire because of what went on," he explained to media outlets.
"I really wanted to carry on competing, naturally I did. I sought that, and it collapsed when word emerged that there were inquiries underway.
"That was challenging - I had to simply accept the fate and accept that this entire situation is a lot more important than me."
A rugby governing body report in 2023 found Burrell's claims were accurate "on the balance of probability", but said it could not gather sufficient proof to definitively say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's Six Nations games in 2014 and 2015, but was surprisingly overlooked for their squad for the 2015 tournament
Burrell revealed to media he also faced discrimination within the England set-up, during a Test career that saw him win 15 caps after his first game in 2014.
"I've had multiple distressing experiences within England camp," he stated.
"Some discrimination and other just outdated thinking that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become normalised in team environments, in Burrell's view.
"This is something that has been disguised as banter and that's been the problem that I've personally suffered and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"Over a period of time you just begin to believe that it's the standard and that is fine and that it's not harmful, but that's incorrect."
Burrell says he was finally spurred to go public after a team-mate at Newcastle referred to him as a "slave" and instructed him to put sun cream on his wrists and ankles "where chains would be placed."
The governing body said Burrell's disclosures had led to "increased scrutiny at the environment within the elite game and to the introduction of an action plan for the elite level."
"We has placed considerable attention on inclusion and inclusion in the sport and a great deal of work undertaken both prior and after Luther Burrell spoke publicly and revealed his encounters of racism and classism," it added.
"We are continuing work with clubs and partners in the professional game to work for a culture of acceptance but acknowledge this requires patience and is an ongoing process."
Every Prem and women's rugby club now has in-person education on creating welcoming cultures, with its success tracked via specific documentation and feedback.
All England athletes, including youth squads, are educated in being "active bystanders" to intervene and defend others from harmful behaviour.
"You be so proud of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the documentary about his experiences.
"I know it has had this impact on you and ended your career, but in our eyes, you have done so well. We are so proud of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's father Geoff passed away soon after the filming of the film, and his sibling passed away earlier this year.
Burrell, who was raised on a council estate in his hometown, continues his work to make the game more open.
His charitable organization aims to connect with children in disadvantaged communities and help them thrive on and off the pitch with complimentary sports training, mentoring and nutrition education.
"My personal motivations are genuine, I want to see the progress of the sport and if others is willing to tell their experience then I'll persist to advocate for that cause because I'm not just doing this for my own benefit," he said.
"We have an responsibility to make the game as great as it can be and the more I talk about it hopefully the more comfortable fellow players will feel about sharing their personal experiences as well.
"I need to grab the challenge by the horns and continue carrying this banner and keep carrying this weight and do what I can to create possibilities and make the game more attractive and more inclusive.
"There are a lot of disadvantaged children and a lot of poverty and I sincerely think that rugby has the potential to change their futures, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a comeback to former club Northampton in November 2022